Majlesi Journal of Energy Management
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Mar 2013

Create a routing with high reliability is one of the most important issues in mobile Ad hoc networks. Therefore, load balancing and congestion the main issues of network are routing creating. Presented numbers of the works and several routing protocols for load balancing have been proposed with different metrics. The majority of proposals are currently looking at the routing overhead, Try to achieve load balancing and avoid adding additional routing overhead during a route is creating. Most of the selected metrics proposed protocol is based on traffic load. Try to distribute the traffic load on their network nodes. Choose an appropriate metric can help to improve network performance. In this paper, we consider the metrics of the hop number and the residual energy of nodes are studied load balancing routing protocols. And with a comparative study we show that different load balancing routing protocols and by selecting the appropriate metrics can improve network performance.

Noting the finiteness of fossil energies and also the existing multiple obstacles in the development and construction of concentrated production resources and creation of transfer lines, using Microgrid (MG) is increasing rapidly in the world. This paper deals with the optimal cost analysis of the proposed MG system for islanded operation using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software with the ultimate goal to minimize Cost of Energy (COE). The done analysis is presented to optimize MG based on the Total Net Present Cost (TNPC), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and operating cost. Simulations results are carried out with the proposed system using real life experimental data, to test the performance and accuracy of the system. Overall results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, covering of total consumption power as well as to reduce COE.

Here, two approaches have been accomplished. First, a propeller design method based on vortex lattice algorithm is developed and a gradient based optimization algorithm is implemented to optimize the shape and efficiency of a propeller. Second, a method for analysis of a Contra-Rotating propeller (CRP) has been developed. For analysis of the hydrodynamic performance parameters, a vortex lattice method was used by implementing an open-source code which is called OpenProp. One of the Sequential Unconstraint Minimization Techniques (SUMT) is employed to minimize the torque coefficient as an objective function, while keeping the thrust coefficient constant as a constraint. Also, chord distribution is considered as a design variable. A DTMB 4119 propeller has been optimized to achieve a lower torque coefficient than the original value. The scheme presented here is more efficient and less time consuming with respect to conventional methods. Solution of the optimization problem showed that nearly 13% improvement for propeller efficiency and nearly 15% decrease in torque coefficient is possible. The method presented for Contra-Rotating propeller (CRP) analysis is called coupled. Cavitation analysis has been done to show the robustness of the scheme.

Due to creation of competitive environment in the electricity industry in recent years, consumers want to receive high quality electricity with minimized outages. On the other hand, electricity retailers are trying to maximize their own benefits. In this competitive environment, it’s very important to use methods that improve indices involving with electricity reliability and quality. In this paper we have tried to best determine optimal location of reclosing devices (recloser and sectionlizer) and distributed generation (DG) to improve reliability indices in a practical radial power distribution system of Taleqan of Alborz province in Iran.

In this paper we analyze the cycle-to-cycle fluctuations of peak pressure pmax and peak pressure angle αpmax in a four-cylinder spark ignition engine. We examine the experimental time series of pmax and αpmax for four different equivalence ratio. Using standard statistical techniques such as return maps and Standard Deviation we show that depending equivalence ratio, there are significant differences in the fluctuations of pmax and αpmax. To evaluate the cycle-to-cycle fluctuations of SI combustion parameters, Standard Deviation () of every parameter were calculated for every engine operating condition. Finally, we explain how the information on both pmax and αpmax can be used to develop optimal strategies for controlling the combustion process and improving engine performance. The results showed that f=0.9 is enough to do accurate calculation of the average pressure cycle at various operation conditions of the engine.

The effect of suction and injection on the heat transfer for a Bingham non-Newtonian fluid flow over a flat plate has been studied in the present study. The plate moves in the fluid with a constant velocity and hence a boundary layer is developed over it. The effect of radiation is considered in the boundary layer. The fluid is considered to be a gray, emitting and absorbing, but non-scattering medium and the Rosseland approximation is used for radiation heat flux in the energy equation. The governing equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations and solved them analytically using HAM method. A parametric study of all involved parameters is conducted, and a representative of the results for the temperature profile as well as the Nusselt number is illustrated graphically to elucidate interesting features of the solutions. The effects of the pertinent parameters on the temperature profile and the Nusselt number (rate of heat transfer) are also displayed.